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Crypto and fintech groups were for the first time fined more for lax controls than the entire traditional financial system last year, as global authorities cracked down on illicit money flows in finance’s new frontiers.
去年，随着全球有关部门打击金融新领域的非法资金流动，加密货币和金融科技集团因管制松懈而被罚款的金额首次超过整个传统金融体系。
Data analysed by the Financial Times showed crypto and digital payments companies paid $5.8bn in fines last year for shortcomings in customer checks and anti-money laundering controls, as well as for failing to uphold sanctions and other financial crime issues.
英国《金融时报》分析的数据显示，加密货币和数字支付公司去年支付了58亿美元的罚款，原因是客户核查和反洗钱控制方面存在缺陷，以及未能遵守制裁和其他金融犯罪问题。
The $5.8bn total, which included a $4.3bn penalty against crypto exchange Binance billed as a warning shot by US prosecutors, dwarfed the $835mn paid by traditional financial services groups last year, the lowest level in a decade.
58亿美元的罚款总额（其中包括对加密货币交易所币安的43亿美元罚款，美国检察官称这是一次警告）使传统金融服务集团去年支付的8.35亿美元的罚款相形见绌，后者是十年来的最低水平。
Dennis Kelleher, chief executive of Washington-based Better Markets, which advocates for tighter regulation, said the figures were more reflective of bad practice in newer corners of finance than an improvement in traditional banks.
总部位于华盛顿的Better Markets首席执行官丹尼斯•凯莱赫(Dennis Kelleher)表示，这些数据更多地反映了金融新领域的不良做法，而不是传统银行的改善。Better Markets主张加强监管。
“The pervasive fraud and criminality in the high-profile crypto arena forced regulators and prosecutors to divert resources,” he said, describing it as an attempt to “stop the egregious conduct and try to deter it from getting even worse”.
“在备受瞩目的加密领域，普遍存在的欺诈和犯罪行为迫使监管机构和检察官转移资源，”他说，这是在试图“阻止恶劣行为，并试图阻止其变得更糟”。
The data, compiled by compliance software provider Fenergo, showed that total fines for money laundering and other financial crime violations rose more than 30 per cent to $6.6bn, but remained well below the 2015 peak of $11.3bn.
合规软件提供商Fenergo汇编的数据显示，针对洗钱和其它金融犯罪违规行为的罚款总额上升逾30%，至66亿美元，但仍远低于2015年113亿美元的峰值。
Annual tallies were heavily influenced by multibillion-dollar fines, such as last year’s against Binance, BNP Paribas’s $8.9bn fine for sanctions violations in 2015 and Goldman Sachs’s $5bn in 2020 over issues related to Malaysia’s 1MDB sovereign wealth fund.
年度数据受到数十亿美元罚款的严重影响，例如去年对币安(Binance)的罚款、2015年法国巴黎银行(BNP Paribas)因违反制裁而被罚款89亿美元，以及2020年高盛(Goldman Sachs)因与马来西亚1MDB主权财富基金有关的问题被罚款50亿美元。
The number of fines against crypto and payments providers increased significantly last year. Crypto firms recorded 11 fines versus an average of less than two a year for the previous five years, while payments firms incurred 27 fines against their average of about five a year from 2018 to 2022. Almost all of the payments groups fined last year were less than 20 years old.
去年，针对加密货币和支付提供商的罚款数量大幅增加。加密货币公司被罚款11次，而前五年平均每年不到2次；支付公司被罚款27次，而2018年至2022年平均每年约5次。去年被罚款的支付集团几乎都成立不到20年。
“Most jurisdictions have yet to regulate crypto firms in line with global standards, so we can expect further fines to come in this area,” said David Lewis, a former head of the Financial Action Task Force, the world’s money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog.
全球洗钱和恐怖主义融资监管机构金融行动特别工作组(Financial Action Task Force)前负责人戴维•刘易斯(David Lewis)表示：“大多数司法管辖区尚未按照全球标准对加密公司进行监管，因此我们可以预期，在这一领域还会有进一步的罚款。”
“This lack of oversight and proper regulation is a real concern as the risks of cryptos continue to increase, and criminals seek to exploit loopholes wherever they can,” added Lewis, who is now head of anti-money laundering at advisory firm Kroll.
刘易斯现在是咨询公司Kroll的反洗钱主管，他补充说：“随着加密货币的风险不断增加，犯罪分子试图利用任何可能的漏洞，缺乏监督和适当的监管是一个真正的问题。”
Andrew Barber, a partner at the law firm Pinsent Masons, said fines against crypto and payments groups could be even higher in future years as governments introduced new regulatory regimes.
品诚梅森律师事务所(Pinsent Masons)合伙人安德鲁•巴伯(Andrew Barber)表示，随着各国政府推出新的监管制度，未来几年针对加密货币和支付集团的罚款可能会更高。
“Firms that historically operated without regulatory oversight will need time to adjust,” he added. “We can only expect the focus on these firms’ [anti-money laundering] controls to increase.”
他补充说：“过去在没有监管监督的情况下运营的公司需要时间来调整。我们只能预计，对这些公司(反洗钱)控制措施的关注会增加。”
Regulators in several jurisdictions have been warning payments firms to improve, with the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority last year chiding the “unacceptable” risks posed by the sector.
多个司法管辖区的监管机构一直在警告支付公司改进，英国金融市场行为监管局(Financial Conduct Authority)去年指责该行业构成了“不可接受的”风险。
Charles Kerrigan, a crypto specialist and partner at law firm CMS, said fines would likely fall in the coming years because crypto was already much more tightly controlled than it was in its infancy. “It’s got to a point now where law enforcement are openly saying they wish people would use crypto to commit crimes but you’d have to be mad to do that,” he added.
CMS律师事务所合伙人、加密货币专家查尔斯•凯瑞根(Charles Kerrigan)表示，未来几年的罚款额可能会下降，因为加密货币的控制已经比其萌芽时期严格得多。他补充说：“现在已经到了执法部门相当于公开表示希望人们使用加密货币犯罪的地步，但你疯了才会这么做。”
Kerrigan also said that crypto was not big enough to fuel significant levels of financial crime or to be a significant source of financial crime fines in the longer term. Its global market cap is just $1.8tn, compared with the hundreds of trillions of assets in the traditional financial system.
凯瑞根还表示，从长远来看，加密货币的规模还不足以引发大规模的金融犯罪，也不足以成为金融犯罪罚款的重要来源。其全球市值仅为1.8万亿美元，而传统金融体系的资产规模高达数百万亿美元。
“There will be fines because regulators want to make a point [about crypto],” he said.
他说：“会有罚款，因为监管机构想要表明(关于加密货币)的观点。”
Rory Doyle, head of financial crime policy at Fenergo, said fines against traditional financial institutions could rise again “as suspicious patterns begin to emerge” from dealings with Russian entities.
Fenergo金融犯罪政策主管罗里•多伊尔(Rory Doyle)表示，随着与俄罗斯实体的交易“开始出现可疑模式”，对传统金融机构的罚款可能会再次上升。